Hyperventilation (Definition)

Hyperventilation (Definition):

• Alveolar ventilation which is inappropriately high in relation to metabolic rate.
• The ventilation is sufficient to produce arterial hypocapnia - i.e. PaCO2 less than 4.7 kPa.

Tags: Alveolar Ventilation - Hyperventilation - Hypocapnia - Metabolic Rate
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Spontaneous Pneumothorax Causes

Aetiology:

• Idiopathic - majority of causes
• Air Space Disorder - Bullae, Cysts, Emphysema
• Airways Obstruction - Asthma, Chronic airflow obstruction
• Connective Tissue Disorder - Ehler's-Danlos syndromes, Marfan's syndrome
• Generalised Lung Disease - Eosinophilic granuloma, Pneumoconiosis, Pulmonary fibrosis
• Localised Lung Disease - Hydatid disease, Lung abscess, TB, Tumour
• Mediastinal Emphysema - Decompression of divers

Prognosis:

• Recurs in 20% when no underlying lung disease identified.
• Recurrence rate of more than 50% in patients with chronic lung disease.

Image: Left Tension Pneumothorax

Image Credit: by Clinical Cases on Wikipedia (cc)

Tags: Asthma - Bullae - Ehler's-Danlos syndrome - Hydatid Disease - Marfan's syndrome - Pneumoconiosis - Pneumothorax - Pulmonary Fibrosis - TB - Tumour
Posted by Medicalchemy
Medicalchemy Group: History of Medicine - Images - Mnemonics - Syndromes - Acute Medicine - Anaesthesiology - Anatomy - Anthropology - Biochemistry - Cardiology - Dentistry - Dermatology - Drug ADR - Drugs - Embryology - Emergency Medicine - Endocrinology - Epidemiology - Family Medicine - Forensic Medicine - Gastroenterology - Genes - Genetics - Geriatrics - Gynecology - Haematology - Health Informatics - Hepatology - Immunology - Infection - Intensive Care - Medical Education - Medical Statistics - Metabolic Medicine - Microbiology - Nephrology - Neuroanatomy - Neuroscience - Nuclear Medicine - Nutrition - Obstetrics - Occupational Health - Oncology - Ophthalmology - Orthopaedics - Otolaryngology - Paediatrics - Palliative Care - Parasitology - Pathology - Pharmacology - Physiology - Proteomics - Psychiatry - Public Health - Radiology - Respiratory - Rehabilitation - Rheumatology - Sports Medicine - Surgery - Toxicology - Tropical Medicine - Urology - Vascular - Virology.

Recurrent Pulmonary Infiltrates - Same Area Of Lung

Aetiology:

Bronchiectasis - Congenital or acquired

Bronchogenic cyst - recurrent infections

Broncho-oesophageal fistula - ie neoplastic

Bronchopulmonary sequestration - recurrent infections

Local bronchial narrowing:

* Intraluminal - broncholith, foreign body

* Endobronchial - neoplasm

* Peribronchial - lymph nodes, mediastinal mass

Tags: Bronchiectasis - Bronchogenic Cyst - Broncho-oesophageal Fistula - Bronchopulmonary Sequestration - Infection - Mediastrinal Mass - Neoplasm - Pulmonary Infiltrate
Posted by Medicalchemy
Medicalchemy Group: History of Medicine - Images - Mnemonics - Syndromes - Acute Medicine - Anaesthesiology - Anatomy - Anthropology - Biochemistry - Cardiology - Dentistry - Dermatology - Drug ADR - Drugs - Embryology - Emergency Medicine - Endocrinology - Family Medicine - Forensic Medicine - Gastroenterology - Genes - Genetics - Geriatrics - Gynecology - Haematology - Health Informatics - Hepatology - Immunology - Infection - Intensive Care - Medical Education - Metabolic Medicine - Microbiology - Nephrology - Neuroanatomy -Neuroscience - Nuclear Medicine - Nutrition - Obstetrics - Occupational Health - Oncology - Ophthalmology - Orthopaedics - Otolaryngology - Paediatrics - Palliative Care - Parasitology - Pathology - Pharmacology - Physiology - Proteomics - Psychiatry - Public Health - Radiology - Respiratory - Rehabilitation - Rheumatology - Sports Medicine - Surgery - Toxicology - Tropical Medicine - Urology - Vascular - Virology.