Lymphocytic Interstitial Pneumonitis (LIP)

LIP General Facts:

• Lymphocytic Interstitial Pneumonitis (LIP) is a lymphoproliferative lung disorder.
• Pathologically there is diffuse infiltration of lymphocytes, plasma cells & immunoblasts along lymphatics & in alveolar septae.
• Diagnosis - open lung biopsy, with above histological features & infection excluded.

LIP Clinical Features:

• Uncommon.
• No obvious cause apparent.
• Presents with cough, dyspnoea & fever.
• Tends to occur earlier rather than later in the course of HIV infection.

LIP Radiological Examination:

Chest Xray:

• May be normal.
• Typically reveals reticular or nodular infiltrates.
• Infiltrates predominantly basilar in location.

CT Chest:

• Peribronchovascular nodules (2-4 mm in diameter).
• Ground glass opacities may be present.

LIP Prognosis:

• Varies from benign course (with spontaneous resolution or stabilisation) to respiratory failure.

Tags: HIV infection - LIP - Lymphocytic Interstitial Pneumonitis - Open Lung Biopsy

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Eggshell Calcification Mediastinal Lymphadenopathy

Eggshell Calcification Definition:

• Mediastinal lymphadenopathy where the periphery of the nodes are calcified - eggshell calcification.
• Sometimes the central portions may also show calcification.
• The ringlike shadow must be complete in at least one of the lymph nodes to fulfil the radiological criteria.

Important Causes:

• Coal worker's pneumoconiosis
• Lymphoma
• Sarcoidosis
• Silicosis

Other rare causes:

• Amyloidosis
• Blastomycosis
• Histoplasmosis
• Scleroderma
• Tuberculosis

Tags: Amyloidosis - Blastomycosis - Coal Worker's Pneumoconiosis - Eggshell Calcification - Histoplasmosis - Lymphoma - Sarcoidosis - Scleroderma - Silicosis - Tuberculosis
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Pneumonia With Hilar Lymphadenopathy - Causes

General causes:

• Any post-obstructive pneumonia

Viral causes:

• Ebstein-Barr virus
• Rubella
• Varicella

Chlamydial causes:

• Chlamydia psittaci

Rickettsial causes:

• Q-fever

Bacterial causes:

• Anthrax
• Bubonic plague
• Tuberculosis, primary
• Tularaemia
• Whooping cough

Fungal causes:

• Coccidioidomycosis
• Histoplasmosis
• Sporotrichosis

Parasitic causes:

• Toxoplasmosis
• Tropical pulmonary eosinophilia

Tags: Anthrax - Bubonic Plague - Coccidioidomycosis - EBV - Chlamydia psittaci - Histoplasmosis - Q-fever - Rubella - Sporotrichosis - Toxoplasmosis - Tuberculosis - Tularaemia - Varicella - Whooping Cough
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Bronchiolitis Classification

Bronchiolitis Classification Listed (A to Z):

• Acute bronchiolitis - esp respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
• BOOP - primary or secondary
• Chronic bronchiolitis
• Cigarette-induced respiratory bronchiolitis
• Constrictive bronchiolitis (bronchiolitis obliterans) - primary or secondary
• Diffuse panbronchiolitis
• Extrabronchiolar disease (assoc bronchiolocentric infiltrates
• Follicular bronchiolitis

Image: Acute Bronchiolitis (Histopathology)

Image Source: by Pulmonary Pathology on flickr (cc)

Tags: Acute Bronchiolitis - BOOP - Bronchiolitis - Bronchiolitis Obliterans - Cigarette - Histopathology - Respiratory Syncytial Virus - RSV
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Lung Mucoid Impaction (On Chest Imaging) Causes

Lung Mucoid Impaction Causes:

Generalised Airways Disease:

• Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis
• Asthma
• Bronchocentric granulomatosis
• COPD
• Cystic fibrosis

Localised Airways Disease:

• Bronchogenic cyst
• Intralobular sequestration
• Obstructed bronchus - adenoma, bronchial atresia (congenital), bronchiolithiasis, carcinoma.

Tags: Adenoma - Aspergillosis - Asthma - Bronchial Atresia - Bronchiolithiasis - Bronchogenic Cyst - Carcinoma - COPD - Cystic Fibrosis - Mucoid Impaction
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Solitary Pulmonary Nodule Infectious Causes

Listed Infectious Causes (A to Z):

• A - Actinomycosis, Aspergillosis
• B - Blastomycosis
• C - Coccidioidomycosis, Cryptococcosis
• D - Dirofilaria
• E - Echinococcosis
• H - Histoplasmosis
• L - Legionella, Lung abscess,
• M - Mycetomas
• N - Nocardia
• P - Pneumocystis, Pseudallescheriasis
• S - Septic embolism, Spherical pneumonia, Sporotrichosis
• T - Tuberculosis (atypical or typical)

Image: Solitary Pulmonary Nodule on CT Scan (Arrowed).

Image Source: by Lourens Willekes, Cherif Boutros & Michael A. Goldfarb on Wikipedia (cc)

Tags: Actinomycosis - Aspergillosis - Blastomycosis - Coccidioidomycosis - Cryptococcosis - CT Scan - Dirofilaria - Echinococcosis - Histoplasmosis - Legionella - Lung abscess - Mycetoma - Nocardia - Pneumocystis - Pseudallescheriasis - Pulmonary Nodule - Septic embolism - Sporotrichosis - Tuberculosis

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