Drug-Induced Pulmonary Eosinophilia

Drug-Induced Pulmonary Eosinophilia:

• Drug associated transient pulmonary infiltrates, with an elevated eosinophil count.
• Clinical spectrum is variable.

Clinical Spectrum:

• Acute picture - simulating hypersensitivity pneumonitis - ie cocaine.
• Insidious onset picture - chronic symptoms & dyspnoea - ie nitrofurantoin.
• Loeffler-like picture - ie penicillin.
• Eosinophilic vasculitis picture - ie zafirlukast.

Drug Causes (Antibiotics):

• Ampicillin
• Minocycline
• Nitrofurantoin
• Penicillin
• Pentamidine (aerosolized)
• Sulfonamide

Drugs Causes (Other):

• Chlorpropamide
• Crack Cocaine
• L-tryptophan
• NSAIDs
• Paracetamol (Acetaminophen)
• Ranitidine
• Zafirlukast

Tags: Antibiotics - Cocaine - Drug-Induced Pulmonary Eosinophilia - Eosinophilic vasculitis - Nitrofurantoin - Pneumonitis - Pulmonary Eosinophilia - Pulmonary Infiltrate
Posted by Medicalchemy
Medicalchemy Group: History of Medicine - Images - Mnemonics - Syndromes - Acute Medicine - Anaesthesiology - Anatomy - Anthropology - Biochemistry - Cardiology - Dentistry - Dermatology - Drug ADR - Drugs - Embryology - Emergency Medicine - Endocrinology - Epidemiology - Family Medicine - Forensic Medicine - Gastroenterology - Genes - Genetics - Geriatrics - Gynecology - Haematology - Health Informatics - Hepatology - Immunology - Infection - Intensive Care - Medical Dictionary - Medical Education - Medical Statistics - Metabolic Medicine - Microbiology - Nephrology - Neuroanatomy - Neuroscience - Nuclear Medicine - Nutrition - Obstetrics - Occupational Health - Oncology - Ophthalmology - Orthopaedics - Otolaryngology - Paediatrics - Palliative Care - Parasitology - Pathology - Pharmacology - Physiology - Proteomics - Psychiatry - Public Health - Radiology - Respiratory - Rehabilitation - Rheumatology - Sports Medicine - Surgery - Toxicology - Tropical Medicine - Urology - Vascular - Virology.

Hyperventilation (Definition)

Hyperventilation (Definition):

• Alveolar ventilation which is inappropriately high in relation to metabolic rate.
• The ventilation is sufficient to produce arterial hypocapnia - i.e. PaCO2 less than 4.7 kPa.

Tags: Alveolar Ventilation - Hyperventilation - Hypocapnia - Metabolic Rate
Posted by Medicalchemy
Medicalchemy Group: History of Medicine - Images - Mnemonics - Syndromes - Acute Medicine - Anaesthesiology - Anatomy - Anthropology - Biochemistry - Cardiology - Dentistry - Dermatology - Drug ADR - Drugs - Embryology - Emergency Medicine - Endocrinology - Epidemiology - Family Medicine - Forensic Medicine - Gastroenterology - Genes - Genetics - Geriatrics - Gynecology - Haematology - Health Informatics - Hepatology - Immunology - Infection - Intensive Care - Medical Education - Medical Statistics - Metabolic Medicine - Microbiology - Nephrology - Neuroanatomy - Neuroscience - Nuclear Medicine - Nutrition - Obstetrics - Occupational Health - Oncology - Ophthalmology - Orthopaedics - Otolaryngology - Paediatrics - Palliative Care - Parasitology - Pathology - Pharmacology - Physiology - Proteomics - Psychiatry - Public Health - Radiology - Respiratory - Rehabilitation - Rheumatology -Sports Medicine - Surgery - Toxicology - Tropical Medicine - Urology - Vascular - Virology.

Spontaneous Pneumothorax Causes

Aetiology:

• Idiopathic - majority of causes
• Air Space Disorder - Bullae, Cysts, Emphysema
• Airways Obstruction - Asthma, Chronic airflow obstruction
• Connective Tissue Disorder - Ehler's-Danlos syndromes, Marfan's syndrome
• Generalised Lung Disease - Eosinophilic granuloma, Pneumoconiosis, Pulmonary fibrosis
• Localised Lung Disease - Hydatid disease, Lung abscess, TB, Tumour
• Mediastinal Emphysema - Decompression of divers

Prognosis:

• Recurs in 20% when no underlying lung disease identified.
• Recurrence rate of more than 50% in patients with chronic lung disease.

Image: Left Tension Pneumothorax

Image Credit: by Clinical Cases on Wikipedia (cc)

Tags: Asthma - Bullae - Ehler's-Danlos syndrome - Hydatid Disease - Marfan's syndrome - Pneumoconiosis - Pneumothorax - Pulmonary Fibrosis - TB - Tumour
Posted by Medicalchemy
Medicalchemy Group: History of Medicine - Images - Mnemonics - Syndromes - Acute Medicine - Anaesthesiology - Anatomy - Anthropology - Biochemistry - Cardiology - Dentistry - Dermatology - Drug ADR - Drugs - Embryology - Emergency Medicine - Endocrinology - Epidemiology - Family Medicine - Forensic Medicine - Gastroenterology - Genes - Genetics - Geriatrics - Gynecology - Haematology - Health Informatics - Hepatology - Immunology - Infection - Intensive Care - Medical Education - Medical Statistics - Metabolic Medicine - Microbiology - Nephrology - Neuroanatomy - Neuroscience - Nuclear Medicine - Nutrition - Obstetrics - Occupational Health - Oncology - Ophthalmology - Orthopaedics - Otolaryngology - Paediatrics - Palliative Care - Parasitology - Pathology - Pharmacology - Physiology - Proteomics - Psychiatry - Public Health - Radiology - Respiratory - Rehabilitation - Rheumatology - Sports Medicine - Surgery - Toxicology - Tropical Medicine - Urology - Vascular - Virology.

Recurrent Pulmonary Infiltrates - Same Area Of Lung

Aetiology:

Bronchiectasis - Congenital or acquired

Bronchogenic cyst - recurrent infections

Broncho-oesophageal fistula - ie neoplastic

Bronchopulmonary sequestration - recurrent infections

Local bronchial narrowing:

* Intraluminal - broncholith, foreign body

* Endobronchial - neoplasm

* Peribronchial - lymph nodes, mediastinal mass

Tags: Bronchiectasis - Bronchogenic Cyst - Broncho-oesophageal Fistula - Bronchopulmonary Sequestration - Infection - Mediastrinal Mass - Neoplasm - Pulmonary Infiltrate
Posted by Medicalchemy
Medicalchemy Group: History of Medicine - Images - Mnemonics - Syndromes - Acute Medicine - Anaesthesiology - Anatomy - Anthropology - Biochemistry - Cardiology - Dentistry - Dermatology - Drug ADR - Drugs - Embryology - Emergency Medicine - Endocrinology - Family Medicine - Forensic Medicine - Gastroenterology - Genes - Genetics - Geriatrics - Gynecology - Haematology - Health Informatics - Hepatology - Immunology - Infection - Intensive Care - Medical Education - Metabolic Medicine - Microbiology - Nephrology - Neuroanatomy -Neuroscience - Nuclear Medicine - Nutrition - Obstetrics - Occupational Health - Oncology - Ophthalmology - Orthopaedics - Otolaryngology - Paediatrics - Palliative Care - Parasitology - Pathology - Pharmacology - Physiology - Proteomics - Psychiatry - Public Health - Radiology - Respiratory - Rehabilitation - Rheumatology - Sports Medicine - Surgery - Toxicology - Tropical Medicine - Urology - Vascular - Virology.

Lymphocytic Interstitial Pneumonitis (LIP)

LIP General Facts:

• Lymphocytic Interstitial Pneumonitis (LIP) is a lymphoproliferative lung disorder.
• Pathologically there is diffuse infiltration of lymphocytes, plasma cells & immunoblasts along lymphatics & in alveolar septae.
• Diagnosis - open lung biopsy, with above histological features & infection excluded.

LIP Clinical Features:

• Uncommon.
• No obvious cause apparent.
• Presents with cough, dyspnoea & fever.
• Tends to occur earlier rather than later in the course of HIV infection.

LIP Radiological Examination:

Chest Xray:

• May be normal.
• Typically reveals reticular or nodular infiltrates.
• Infiltrates predominantly basilar in location.

CT Chest:

• Peribronchovascular nodules (2-4 mm in diameter).
• Ground glass opacities may be present.

LIP Prognosis:

• Varies from benign course (with spontaneous resolution or stabilisation) to respiratory failure.

Tags: HIV infection - LIP - Lymphocytic Interstitial Pneumonitis - Open Lung Biopsy

Posted by Medicalchemy
Medicalchemy Group: History of Medicine - Images - Mnemonics - Syndromes - Anaesthesiology - Anatomy - Anthropology - Biochemistry - Cardiology - Dentistry - Dermatology - Drugs -Emergency Medicine - Endocrinology - Family Medicine - Gastroenterology - Genetics - Geriatrics - Gynecology - Haematology - Health Informatics - Hepatology - Immunology - Infection -Intensive Care - Metabolic Medicine - Microbiology - Nephrology - Neuroscience - Nuclear Medicine - Nutrition - Obstetrics - Occupational Health - Oncology - Ophthalmology -Orthopaedics - Otolaryngology - Palliative Care - Parasitology - Pathology - Pharmacology - Physiology - Psychiatry - Public Health - Radiology - Respiratory -Rehabilitation - Sports Medicine - Surgery - Toxicology - Tropical Medicine - Urology - Vascular - Virology.

Eggshell Calcification Mediastinal Lymphadenopathy

Eggshell Calcification Definition:

• Mediastinal lymphadenopathy where the periphery of the nodes are calcified - eggshell calcification.
• Sometimes the central portions may also show calcification.
• The ringlike shadow must be complete in at least one of the lymph nodes to fulfil the radiological criteria.

Important Causes:

• Coal worker's pneumoconiosis
• Lymphoma
• Sarcoidosis
• Silicosis

Other rare causes:

• Amyloidosis
• Blastomycosis
• Histoplasmosis
• Scleroderma
• Tuberculosis

Tags: Amyloidosis - Blastomycosis - Coal Worker's Pneumoconiosis - Eggshell Calcification - Histoplasmosis - Lymphoma - Sarcoidosis - Scleroderma - Silicosis - Tuberculosis
Posted by Medicalchemy
Medicalchemy Group: History of Medicine - Images - Mnemonics - Syndromes - Anaesthesiology - Anatomy - Anthropology - Biochemistry - Cardiology - Dentistry - Dermatology - Drugs-Emergency Medicine - Endocrinology - Family Medicine - Gastroenterology - Genetics - Geriatrics - Gynecology - Haematology - Health Informatics - Hepatology - Immunology - Infection-Intensive Care - Metabolic Medicine - Microbiology - Nephrology - Neuroscience - Nutrition - Obstetrics - Oncology - Ophthalmology - Orthopaedics - Otolaryngology - Palliative Care - Parasitology - Pathology - Pharmacology - Physiology - Psychiatry - Public Health - Radiology - Respiratory - Rehabilitation - Sports Medicine - Surgery - Toxicology - Tropical Medicine - Urology - Vascular - Virology.

Pneumonia With Hilar Lymphadenopathy - Causes

General causes:

• Any post-obstructive pneumonia

Viral causes:

• Ebstein-Barr virus
• Rubella
• Varicella

Chlamydial causes:

• Chlamydia psittaci

Rickettsial causes:

• Q-fever

Bacterial causes:

• Anthrax
• Bubonic plague
• Tuberculosis, primary
• Tularaemia
• Whooping cough

Fungal causes:

• Coccidioidomycosis
• Histoplasmosis
• Sporotrichosis

Parasitic causes:

• Toxoplasmosis
• Tropical pulmonary eosinophilia

Tags: Anthrax - Bubonic Plague - Coccidioidomycosis - EBV - Chlamydia psittaci - Histoplasmosis - Q-fever - Rubella - Sporotrichosis - Toxoplasmosis - Tuberculosis - Tularaemia - Varicella - Whooping Cough
Posted by Medicalchemy
Medicalchemy Group: History of Medicine - Images - Mnemonics - Syndromes - Anaesthesiology - Anatomy - Anthropology - Biochemistry - Cardiology - Dentistry - Dermatology - Drugs -Emergency Medicine - Endocrinology - Family Medicine - Gastroenterology - Genetics - Geriatrics - Gynecology - Haematology - Health Informatics - Hepatology - Immunology - Infection -Intensive Care - Metabolic Medicine - Microbiology - Nephrology - Neuroscience - Nutrition - Obstetrics - Oncology - Ophthalmology - Orthopaedics - Otolaryngology - Palliative Care -Parasitology - Pathology - Pharmacology - Physiology - Psychiatry - Public Health - Radiology - Respiratory - Rehabilitation - Sports Medicine - Surgery - Toxicology - Tropical Medicine -Urology - Vascular - Virology.